The role of various elements in water -soluble fertilizers in grapes

Grape fertilizer is the same as other fruit trees, that is, N, P, K, CA and other elements are required, and trace elements such as ZN, B, Mn are also required. If you want to use good fertilizer, you must know the role of various fertilizers.

(1). The role of the main mineral element

1. Nitrogen (N)

Insufficient nitrogen supply, grape plants cannot grow normally. Under the proper nitrogen conditions, grapes are neatly sprouting, pollination, fertilization, and good fruit, which not only ensures that the yield is high, but also the fruit quality is good, but also affects the next year output. If there are too many nitrogen fertilizers, the leaves are thin, the new shoots are long, the flowers fall and the fruit are heavy, the fruiting rate decreases, the branches are not fulfilling, the fruit color is poor, the mature delay, the quality decreases, and the wine is not good.

On the fertilization of grapes: First, avoid a large amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer that is mainly used for nitrogen fertilizer, causing fertilizer ratio disorders and adverse symptoms of excessive nitrogen fertilizer; on the other hand The soil is barren or improperly pruning, resulting in poor fruit color, and new shoots stop growth prematurely. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and when to apply nitrogen fertilizer must be based on land fertilizer and grape trees.

2. Phosphorus (P)

P is the main component of nuclear, phospholipids, and nucleic acids. It mainly exists in the long -term parts, such as flowers, seeds, etc. All organs of grape plants contain phosphorus elements. Poor phosphorus is conducive to grape flowers and fruit. Someone conducted a test of phosphate fertilizer. It was believed that with the increase in the concentration of soil phosphate, the fruiting rate increased, and the ears increased; the phosphorus differentiation of the differentiation of grape flower buds was obvious than other elements. Phosphorus fertilizer can also promote the growth of absorbing roots, increase the number of roots, promote the maturity of branches, and enhance disease resistance, drought resistance and cold.

3. Potassium (K)

Grapes are potassium -like plants. Potassium plays the main role in optical fit and the transfer of sugar. Potassium in the mature period of berries promotes a large amount of sugar into the fruit. The important role of potassium on grapes is to promote the maturity of berries, improve the quality of berries, increase the sugar content of berries, promote the formation of berry color and aromatic substances, and improve the rate of alcohol. Potassium fertilizer is conducive to the development of the root system, and the physiological diseases such as yellowing, dried scorching, ears and fruits are caused by the lack of potassium.

4. zinc (Zn)

ZN participates in the synthesis of chlorophyll and growth. When zinc deficiency, the new shoots are short, the leaves are small and losing green, and a large amount of non -granular fruits are formed on the ears, which are often green and hard. Labor fruit is the main feature of zinc deficiency.

5. Boron (B)

B is a trace element. The effect of boron influence enzymes can promote the fertilization and fruits of flowers. Boron deficiency, inhibit the development of pollen tube, the flower buds cannot be opened normally, causing a large number of flowers and fruits in severe cases. The new interval of boron deficiency becomes shorter, crispy, and unevenness of the leaves, and brown spot is produced in the flesh under the peel.

6. Calcium (Ca)

CA is the composition of cell walls and intermedine layers, and there are a large number of liquid bubbles. When calcium deficiency, it affects the normal function of the cell. In grape plants, calcium is mainly accumulated in old -fashioned organs, but the amount of calcium requires a large amount of calcium. It is conducive to root development and absorption, and has symptoms of nitrogen deficiency when calcium deficiency. The northern region uses Bordeaux liquid, and there is generally no shortage of calcium. On the acid or acidic soil in the southern my country, the quality of grape berries can be improved and the yield can be increased after lime.

7. Iron (Fe)

FE is the composition of participating in a variety of oxidation enzymes and participating in the oxidation reduction effect in the cell. The iron deficiency causes the grape plant to be yellow and the leaves are lost, but unlike magnesium deficiency green disease, first manifested as a comprehensive yellowing at the top of the leaf at the top, and only the leaf veins retain green. Iron can no longer be reused in grape plants. Therefore, yellowing disease first shows symptoms on the larvae, and the old leaves are still green. When severe iron deficiency, the new shoot becomes yellow -green or even yellow. Plants are often related to soil alkali.

8. Magnesium (Mg)

MG is an important component of chlorophyll and is closely related to photosynthesis. Magnesium is mainly in the body of grape plants in active young tender tissues and organs. The metabolic effect of the phosphorus when the magnesium deficiency is lacking. The top of the new shoot is water immersion, the leaves are lost and yellow, and only the leaf veins are green, and the fruit rate and fruit weight decrease.

(2)The use ratio and fertilization of N, P, and K

"It is reported that it needs to produce 1000kg grapes n: 5 ～ 10kg, P2O5: 2 to 4kg, K2O: 5 ～ 10kg. For reference only, it depends on the fertility of the soil itself."

Other trace elements.

The fertilization period should be closely combined with the growth and development of grapes. After the sprouts, with the growth of the new shoots, the leaf area gradually increases, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer has increased rapidly; then, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer growth and development of berry is significantly increased, and the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer has increased significantly; Later, the demand for phosphorus increased steadily; the absorption of potassium during the growth of berries gradually increased to meet the growth and development needs of berries.

(3). Fertilization period

1. base fertilizer

Base fertilizer should be applied at the end of autumn, mainly using organic fertilizers and some chemical fertilizers (N, P, K fertilizer, etc.). The depth of base fertilizer should be the main distribution layer of the Dagen system. Organic fertilizers are gradually decomposed in the soil, which can be available for the growth and development of plants in the coming year. In the autumn, the grape root system enters the second growth peak. At this time, the regeneration and absorption of the broken roots are strong. If the organic fertilizer used contains the compost of straw, it can be properly mixed with people with nitrogen -containing humans to regulate carbon and nitrogen ratio, which is conducive to composting and rotten. The combination of the base fertilizer and the soil in autumn, two birds with one stone.

2. Follow the fertilizer before germination

This period is mainly fast -acting nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate. Entering the injury period, the absorption of the grape root system is enhanced. The effect of topdressing before germination can be obvious. It can increase the germination rate, increase the inflorescence, and make the new shoots grow strongly, thereby increasing the output. If you apply a sufficient amount of fertilizer in autumn, you can not learn in this period.

3. Follow the topdium before flowering

Mainly with speed -effective nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer can be matched in moderation. This time, the topdressing of grapes had a good impact on the flowering, pollination, fertilization and fruiting fruit, and flower bud differentiation of that year. Because it is easy to fall into flowers and fruits, nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied to Jufeng grapes before flowering, and it should be used after flowering.

4. Fruiting during the young fruit period

Mainly N, P, K compound fertilizer. Its main role is to promote the rapid increase of berries, reduce small fruit rate, and promote flower bud differentiation. At the same time, the root system began to grow vigorously, and the growth of new shoots was fast. Grape plants required a large amount of nutrient supply. If the plant load is insufficient and the new shoots are strong, the application of fast -acting nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled.

5. Polytestelling during the maturity period

Potassium and phosphorus fertilizer (in addition to speed -efficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, farmhouse fertilizers such as plant ash can also be used), when the berry starts color, a large amount of potassium -containing, phosphorus -based plant ash or rotten chicken manure is applied. In this period, nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied, but there are too many ears or vineyards on the barren sand, and the nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately applied to the berries after the rainy season. Otherwise, nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient.

6. Post -picked fertilizer

Applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, combined with an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the purpose of promoting the maturity of flower bud development branches. After harvesting, fertilizer can be applied in combination with Qiu Shi fertilizer.

Fourth, leaf surface fertilization

First of all, it is clear that the fertilization of the leaf surface is just a supplement to soil fertilization. It is an emergency measure when grapes lack, especially to supplement trace element fertilizers such as iron, zinc, and boron. Fertilization of the soil should not be used to fertilize the soil.